Comparing E392 - Extracts of rosemary vs E228 - Potassium bisulphite
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Popular questions
Can dogs have rosemary extract?
Yes—small amounts of rosemary extract (E392) used as a food preservative are generally safe for dogs; avoid giving concentrated essential oils and stop if stomach upset occurs.
Can dogs eat rosemary extract?
It’s commonly used in dog foods as a natural antioxidant and is considered safe at low levels, but consult your vet if your dog is prone to seizures or is pregnant/lactating.
Can cats have rosemary extract?
In the tiny amounts used as a preservative, rosemary extract is generally considered safe for cats; do not use rosemary essential oil, as cats are very sensitive to concentrated oils.
How to extract rosemary oil?
Rosemary essential oil is typically obtained by steam distillation of the herb, producing a highly concentrated oil that is not the same as E392 and isn’t intended for ingestion without expert guidance.
How to make rosemary extract?
Commercial E392 is made by extracting rosemary with food‑grade solvents (e.g., ethanol), then purifying and standardizing carnosic acid/carnosol levels; at home you can approximate it by steeping dried rosemary in high‑proof food‑grade alcohol and filtering, though it won’t be standardized.
How are bisulfite ions generated in the iodine clock reaction potassium iodate and sodium sulfite?
Bisulfite (HSO3−) comes either directly from dissolving potassium bisulfite (KHSO3 → K+ + HSO3−) or by protonation of sulfite from sodium sulfite in acidic solution (SO3^2− + H+ → HSO3−), which is the pH range used in the iodine clock.
How does sodium bisulfite and potassium iodate react to make iodine reaction with starch?
In acid, iodate (IO3−) oxidizes bisulfite (HSO3−) to sulfate while being reduced to iodide; once bisulfite is depleted, remaining iodate oxidizes iodide to iodine (I2), which then forms the blue complex with starch.
How does sodium bisulfite and potassium iodate react to make iodine reaction with starch equations?
Key steps (acidic medium): IO3− + 3 HSO3− → I− + 3 SO4^2− + 3 H+; then IO3− + 5 I− + 6 H+ → 3 I2 + 3 H2O; and while bisulfite remains, it removes iodine: I2 + HSO3− + H2O → 2 I− + HSO4− + 2 H+.
How long is potassium bisulfite good for?
Stored airtight in a cool, dry place, solid potassium bisulfite is typically usable for about 1–2 years; in solution it loses strength much faster (weeks to a few months) as it oxidizes to sulfate.
How most potassium bisulfite or metab?
Potassium metabisulfite (E224) is more commonly used because it’s more stable, but both it and potassium bisulfite (E228) release SO2; for dosing, KHSO3 is ~53% SO2 by weight and K2S2O5 is ~58%, so slightly less metabisulfite is needed to achieve the same SO2 level.