Comparing E339 - Sodium phosphates vs E452IV - Calcium polyphosphate
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How are sodium phosphates made?
They’re produced by neutralizing food‑grade phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate to the desired ratio to yield mono-, di-, or trisodium phosphate, then crystallizing (often as hydrates); condensed polyphosphates are made by dehydrating/condensing orthophosphates at elevated temperatures.
How do saline enema sodium phosphates work?
They act as hyperosmotic salts that draw water into the colon, increasing volume and stimulating peristalsis to trigger a bowel movement; improper use can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances, so they should be used only as directed.
How does sodium aluminate react with phosphates?
In water, sodium aluminate hydrolyzes to Al(OH)3, which binds phosphate and precipitates it as insoluble aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), especially near neutral pH—this is the basis for phosphate removal in water treatment.
How many meq of sodium does sodium phosphates have?
It depends on the specific salt and hydration: anhydrous NaH2PO4 ≈8.3 mEq Na per gram, Na2HPO4 ≈14.1 mEq/g, and Na3PO4 ≈18.3 mEq/g (hydrates contain less per gram); a typical adult sodium phosphate enema contains about 190 mEq of sodium.
How many sodium phosphates are there?
There are three main orthophosphate salts used in foods—monosodium, disodium, and trisodium phosphate—listed as E339(i–iii), plus various hydrates and condensed (polyphosphate) forms.
How does polyphosphate remove calcium?
It acts as a sequestrant: the polyphosphate chain binds Ca2+ at multiple oxygen sites to form soluble complexes, preventing calcium from precipitating or causing scale/texture issues. Over time, hydrolysis to orthophosphate can convert some bound calcium into insoluble calcium phosphate, effectively removing it from solution.
What is the e number of calcium polyphosphate?
E452iv.
When calcium ions complex with sodium metaphosphate, a solid calcium phosphate precipitate forms?
Not initially—calcium typically remains in soluble complexes with sodium metaphosphate (a polyphosphate). Precipitation of calcium phosphate generally occurs after the polyphosphate hydrolyzes to orthophosphate or under conditions (e.g., high pH/aging) that drive conversion.