Comparing E339 - Sodium phosphates vs E342 - Ammonium phosphate
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Popular questions
How are sodium phosphates made?
They’re produced by neutralizing food‑grade phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide, carbonate, or bicarbonate to the desired ratio to yield mono-, di-, or trisodium phosphate, then crystallizing (often as hydrates); condensed polyphosphates are made by dehydrating/condensing orthophosphates at elevated temperatures.
How do saline enema sodium phosphates work?
They act as hyperosmotic salts that draw water into the colon, increasing volume and stimulating peristalsis to trigger a bowel movement; improper use can cause fluid and electrolyte imbalances, so they should be used only as directed.
How does sodium aluminate react with phosphates?
In water, sodium aluminate hydrolyzes to Al(OH)3, which binds phosphate and precipitates it as insoluble aluminum phosphate (AlPO4), especially near neutral pH—this is the basis for phosphate removal in water treatment.
How many meq of sodium does sodium phosphates have?
It depends on the specific salt and hydration: anhydrous NaH2PO4 ≈8.3 mEq Na per gram, Na2HPO4 ≈14.1 mEq/g, and Na3PO4 ≈18.3 mEq/g (hydrates contain less per gram); a typical adult sodium phosphate enema contains about 190 mEq of sodium.
How many sodium phosphates are there?
There are three main orthophosphate salts used in foods—monosodium, disodium, and trisodium phosphate—listed as E339(i–iii), plus various hydrates and condensed (polyphosphate) forms.
What is the formula for ammonium phosphate?
For E342, the ammonium phosphates used are monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) and diammonium phosphate ((NH4)2HPO4); the fully neutral (NH4)3PO4 is unstable and not typically used in foods.
Is monoammonium phosphate toxic?
It has low toxicity and is permitted as a food additive; within the group ADI for phosphates (e.g., EFSA: 40 mg phosphorus/kg body weight/day), normal food uses are considered safe. Very high intakes can disturb mineral balance, and people with kidney disease should manage phosphate intake.
Is ammonium phosphate toxic?
At permitted food levels, ammonium phosphates (E342) are considered safe, with a group ADI for phosphates set by EFSA at 40 mg phosphorus/kg body weight/day. Excessive intake may affect mineral balance and is a concern for those with impaired kidney function.
Is ammonium phosphate soluble in water?
Yes—both monoammonium and diammonium phosphate are readily soluble in water.