Comparing E331 - Sodium citrates vs E578 - calcium gluconate
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Found in 14,247 products
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Popular questions
What is e331 in food?
E331 is sodium citrates—the mono-, di-, and trisodium salts of citric acid—used mainly as acidity regulators/buffers, sequestrants, and emulsifying salts in foods like soft drinks and processed cheese.
How are sodium citrates used in molecular gastronomy?
They’re used to adjust and buffer pH, chelate calcium, and act as an emulsifying salt—commonly to make ultra-smooth, meltable cheese sauces and to tune acidity/calcium levels for techniques like spherification and stabilizing foams.
What are sodium citrates degradation byproducts?
Under normal food use they’re stable; with strong heating/combustion they decompose to carbon oxides (CO2/CO) and sodium oxides (and related inorganic residues).
Why does sodium citrates burn?
It isn’t flammable; any “burning” sensation typically comes from irritation of skin, eyes, or mouth at high concentrations due to its mildly alkaline, saline nature, and on heating it decomposes rather than sustaining a flame.
What is calcium gluconate used for?
In foods (E578) it acts as a sequestrant and calcium source to improve stability and fortify products; medically it’s used to treat hypocalcemia, protect the heart in severe hyperkalemia, counter magnesium toxicity, and manage hydrofluoric acid exposure.
How does calcium gluconate treat hyperkalemia?
It doesn’t lower potassium; it stabilizes cardiac cell membranes by increasing extracellular calcium, reducing excitability and the risk of life‑threatening arrhythmias within minutes (effect ~30–60 minutes).
What does calcium gluconate do?
As a food additive it binds metal ions to prevent quality loss and supplies calcium; as a medicine it replaces calcium, stabilizes the myocardium in hyperkalemia, and treats hypocalcemia and magnesium toxicity.
What is calcium gluconate the antidote for?
It is an antidote for hydrofluoric acid exposure (topical/systemic) and for magnesium toxicity; it may also be used as an adjunct in calcium channel blocker overdose.
How to administer calcium gluconate injection?
By healthcare professionals only as slow IV push or infusion (not IM or subcutaneous due to tissue damage); a common adult dose for cardioprotection/hypocalcemia is 10 mL of 10% solution (1 g) over 5–10 minutes with ECG monitoring, repeat as needed. Avoid mixing with bicarbonate or phosphate solutions and monitor for extravasation.