Comparing E331 - Sodium citrates vs E452I - Sodium polyphosphate
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Popular questions
What is e331 in food?
E331 is sodium citrates—the mono-, di-, and trisodium salts of citric acid—used mainly as acidity regulators/buffers, sequestrants, and emulsifying salts in foods like soft drinks and processed cheese.
How are sodium citrates used in molecular gastronomy?
They’re used to adjust and buffer pH, chelate calcium, and act as an emulsifying salt—commonly to make ultra-smooth, meltable cheese sauces and to tune acidity/calcium levels for techniques like spherification and stabilizing foams.
What are sodium citrates degradation byproducts?
Under normal food use they’re stable; with strong heating/combustion they decompose to carbon oxides (CO2/CO) and sodium oxides (and related inorganic residues).
Why does sodium citrates burn?
It isn’t flammable; any “burning” sensation typically comes from irritation of skin, eyes, or mouth at high concentrations due to its mildly alkaline, saline nature, and on heating it decomposes rather than sustaining a flame.
Is sodium hexametaphosphate safe for dogs?
Generally yes—it's commonly used in dog foods and dental chews to help reduce tartar and is considered safe at approved levels; dogs with kidney disease or on phosphorus-restricted diets should avoid excess phosphates and you should consult your vet.
Is sodium hexametaphosphate safe?
Yes—it's permitted as a food additive (EU E452i) and considered safe at typical use levels; EFSA set a group ADI for phosphates of 40 mg/kg body weight per day expressed as phosphorus.
Is sodium hexametaphosphate bad for you?
Not at normal food levels; however, very high phosphate intake can disrupt mineral balance and is a concern for people with kidney disease.
Is sodium hexametaphosphate safe in food?
Yes—it's an approved emulsifier/sequestrant (E452i) and is safe within permitted levels; authorities limit total phosphate intake (e.g., EFSA ADI 40 mg/kg bw/day as phosphorus).
What is sodium hexametaphosphate used for?
In foods it functions as a sequestrant, emulsifier, stabiliser, humectant and thickener—binding metal ions, stabilising proteins/emulsions, and retaining moisture in products like processed meats/seafood, cheeses/dairy, beverages, and baked goods.