Comparing E330 - Citric acid vs E452IV - Calcium polyphosphate
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Is citric acid bad for you?
At typical food levels, citric acid (E330) is considered safe by major regulators (GRAS; EFSA/JECFA). Concentrated or frequent acidic exposure can irritate the mouth/stomach or contribute to tooth enamel erosion.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In eukaryotic cells it occurs in the mitochondrial matrix; in bacteria it occurs in the cytosol.
What does citric acid do to your body?
It is a normal intermediate in energy metabolism and is readily metabolized to carbon dioxide and water. Citrate can bind minerals, which may enhance absorption of some and help prevent certain kidney stones by increasing urinary citrate.
Where does citric acid come from?
It occurs naturally in citrus fruits, but most food-grade citric acid is produced by fermenting sugars (e.g., from corn, beet, or cane) with Aspergillus niger.
How is citric acid made?
Industrially, sugars are fermented with Aspergillus niger to produce citric acid, then it is recovered and purified—often by precipitating calcium citrate and converting it back with sulfuric acid or via ion-exchange/crystallization.
How does polyphosphate remove calcium?
It acts as a sequestrant: the polyphosphate chain binds Ca2+ at multiple oxygen sites to form soluble complexes, preventing calcium from precipitating or causing scale/texture issues. Over time, hydrolysis to orthophosphate can convert some bound calcium into insoluble calcium phosphate, effectively removing it from solution.
What is the e number of calcium polyphosphate?
E452iv.
When calcium ions complex with sodium metaphosphate, a solid calcium phosphate precipitate forms?
Not initially—calcium typically remains in soluble complexes with sodium metaphosphate (a polyphosphate). Precipitation of calcium phosphate generally occurs after the polyphosphate hydrolyzes to orthophosphate or under conditions (e.g., high pH/aging) that drive conversion.