Comparing E330 - Citric acid vs E452I - Sodium polyphosphate
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Popular questions
Is citric acid bad for you?
At typical food levels, citric acid (E330) is considered safe by major regulators (GRAS; EFSA/JECFA). Concentrated or frequent acidic exposure can irritate the mouth/stomach or contribute to tooth enamel erosion.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In eukaryotic cells it occurs in the mitochondrial matrix; in bacteria it occurs in the cytosol.
What does citric acid do to your body?
It is a normal intermediate in energy metabolism and is readily metabolized to carbon dioxide and water. Citrate can bind minerals, which may enhance absorption of some and help prevent certain kidney stones by increasing urinary citrate.
Where does citric acid come from?
It occurs naturally in citrus fruits, but most food-grade citric acid is produced by fermenting sugars (e.g., from corn, beet, or cane) with Aspergillus niger.
How is citric acid made?
Industrially, sugars are fermented with Aspergillus niger to produce citric acid, then it is recovered and purified—often by precipitating calcium citrate and converting it back with sulfuric acid or via ion-exchange/crystallization.
Is sodium hexametaphosphate safe for dogs?
Generally yes—it's commonly used in dog foods and dental chews to help reduce tartar and is considered safe at approved levels; dogs with kidney disease or on phosphorus-restricted diets should avoid excess phosphates and you should consult your vet.
Is sodium hexametaphosphate safe?
Yes—it's permitted as a food additive (EU E452i) and considered safe at typical use levels; EFSA set a group ADI for phosphates of 40 mg/kg body weight per day expressed as phosphorus.
Is sodium hexametaphosphate bad for you?
Not at normal food levels; however, very high phosphate intake can disrupt mineral balance and is a concern for people with kidney disease.
Is sodium hexametaphosphate safe in food?
Yes—it's an approved emulsifier/sequestrant (E452i) and is safe within permitted levels; authorities limit total phosphate intake (e.g., EFSA ADI 40 mg/kg bw/day as phosphorus).
What is sodium hexametaphosphate used for?
In foods it functions as a sequestrant, emulsifier, stabiliser, humectant and thickener—binding metal ions, stabilising proteins/emulsions, and retaining moisture in products like processed meats/seafood, cheeses/dairy, beverages, and baked goods.