Comparing E330 - Citric acid vs E307C - DL-Alpha-tocopherol
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Popular questions
Is citric acid bad for you?
At typical food levels, citric acid (E330) is considered safe by major regulators (GRAS; EFSA/JECFA). Concentrated or frequent acidic exposure can irritate the mouth/stomach or contribute to tooth enamel erosion.
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In eukaryotic cells it occurs in the mitochondrial matrix; in bacteria it occurs in the cytosol.
What does citric acid do to your body?
It is a normal intermediate in energy metabolism and is readily metabolized to carbon dioxide and water. Citrate can bind minerals, which may enhance absorption of some and help prevent certain kidney stones by increasing urinary citrate.
Where does citric acid come from?
It occurs naturally in citrus fruits, but most food-grade citric acid is produced by fermenting sugars (e.g., from corn, beet, or cane) with Aspergillus niger.
How is citric acid made?
Industrially, sugars are fermented with Aspergillus niger to produce citric acid, then it is recovered and purified—often by precipitating calcium citrate and converting it back with sulfuric acid or via ion-exchange/crystallization.
Dl alpha tocopherol which to take?
For supplements, natural RRR-alpha-tocopherol (d-alpha-tocopherol) provides higher bioactivity per mg than synthetic DL-alpha-tocopherol (dl-alpha-tocopherol). As a food additive, E307c is used mainly as an antioxidant rather than a preferred vitamin source.
How is dl alpha tocopherol absorbed?
It’s absorbed in the small intestine with dietary fat via bile salt–formed micelles, incorporated into chylomicrons, and transported through the lymph. The liver preferentially retains 2R stereoisomers (e.g., natural RRR-alpha-tocopherol), so synthetic DL forms are less well retained.
Is dl alpha tocopherol safe?
Yes—at permitted food-use levels it’s considered safe (e.g., GRAS/EU approved) as an antioxidant. Very high supplemental intakes can exceed tolerable upper intake levels and may increase bleeding risk, especially with anticoagulants.
Is dl-alpha tocopherol safe?
Yes; as a food additive (E307c) it is widely authorized and safe at typical levels. Excessive supplement doses can raise bleeding risk and interact with blood thinners, so stay within established upper intake limits.
What contains dl alpha tocopherol?
It’s commonly added to fat- and oil-rich foods to prevent rancidity—such as vegetable oils, spreads/margarine, baked goods, breakfast cereals, snacks, and nut or seed products—and it also appears in dietary supplements.