Comparing E220 - Sulphur dioxide vs E228 - Potassium bisulphite
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Popular questions
Is sulfur dioxide bad for you?
At high concentrations as a gas, sulfur dioxide is harmful and irritates the eyes and lungs; in foods at regulated levels (E220) it’s considered safe for most people. Some individuals—especially those with asthma or sulfite sensitivity—may experience reactions such as wheezing, hives, or stomach upset.
Is sulfur dioxide in food bad for you?
Within legal limits, sulfites (including SO2, E220) are approved preservatives and generally safe for the general population. They must be declared at ≥10 mg/kg or L, and sensitive individuals can react; most people stay below the accepted daily intake (about 0–0.7 mg/kg body weight), though heavy consumers of sulfited foods may approach or exceed it.
What is sulfur dioxide used for?
It’s an antioxidant and preservative that prevents browning and inhibits microbes to extend shelf life. Common uses include wines, ciders, dried fruits, fruit juices, and some pickled or processed foods.
Where does sulfur dioxide come from?
Food-grade sulfur dioxide is produced industrially by burning sulfur or processing sulfur‑containing ores, and small amounts can also form during fermentation. It also occurs naturally from volcanic emissions, but the additive used in foods is manufactured and added in controlled amounts.
Is sulfur dioxide in dried fruit bad for you?
It preserves color and prevents spoilage in dried fruit and is considered safe at permitted levels, but can trigger reactions in sulfite‑sensitive people, especially some asthmatics. If you’re sensitive, choose “unsulphured” dried fruit; rinsing may reduce surface residues but won’t remove all sulfites.
How are bisulfite ions generated in the iodine clock reaction potassium iodate and sodium sulfite?
Bisulfite (HSO3−) comes either directly from dissolving potassium bisulfite (KHSO3 → K+ + HSO3−) or by protonation of sulfite from sodium sulfite in acidic solution (SO3^2− + H+ → HSO3−), which is the pH range used in the iodine clock.
How does sodium bisulfite and potassium iodate react to make iodine reaction with starch?
In acid, iodate (IO3−) oxidizes bisulfite (HSO3−) to sulfate while being reduced to iodide; once bisulfite is depleted, remaining iodate oxidizes iodide to iodine (I2), which then forms the blue complex with starch.
How does sodium bisulfite and potassium iodate react to make iodine reaction with starch equations?
Key steps (acidic medium): IO3− + 3 HSO3− → I− + 3 SO4^2− + 3 H+; then IO3− + 5 I− + 6 H+ → 3 I2 + 3 H2O; and while bisulfite remains, it removes iodine: I2 + HSO3− + H2O → 2 I− + HSO4− + 2 H+.
How long is potassium bisulfite good for?
Stored airtight in a cool, dry place, solid potassium bisulfite is typically usable for about 1–2 years; in solution it loses strength much faster (weeks to a few months) as it oxidizes to sulfate.
How most potassium bisulfite or metab?
Potassium metabisulfite (E224) is more commonly used because it’s more stable, but both it and potassium bisulfite (E228) release SO2; for dosing, KHSO3 is ~53% SO2 by weight and K2S2O5 is ~58%, so slightly less metabisulfite is needed to achieve the same SO2 level.